1. Wooden Ladder Handrails
2. Factory Stairways Ladders And Handrails Handbook 44 Cfr
3. Stairway Handrails Ideas
4. Factory Stairways Ladders And Handrails Handbook 44 Inch
5. Factory Stairways Ladders And Handrails Handbook 44

A stair built by hand in the 18th or early 19th century might incorporate several short, straight runs linked by turning stairs or a small landing. Staircases in high-ceilinged buildings made use of the dogleg, where a straight stair bends sharply up from the landing into the next flight at a 180-degree angle.

1. The maximum angle of a domestic stair should be no more than 42° and commercial stairs no than 34° The going between nosing to nosing must fall between 220mm and 300mm (domestic) or 250mm and 400mm (commercial) Spiral and helical stairs differ from these values; Handrails on stairs and landings should have a minimum height of 900mm.
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FAQ's on Stairs

Reference: NFPA 101(2000 Edition) - 101:7.2.2.4.2 and Table 7.2.2.2.1(a)

• A stair is required to have 72' (more than 67') of width due to occupant load served.
• Per 101:7.2.2.4.2, the 72 inch wide stair is required to have a center handrail, as well as a handrail on both sides of the stair enclosure. The new stair is also required, per Table 101:7.2.2.2.1(a), to provide a 44 inch minimum width clear of all instructions, except projections not more than 3-1/2 inches at or below handrail height on each side.
• Question 1: Does the introduction of the handrail, centered in the 72 inch wide stair, meet the minimum clear width requirement of 44 inches, per Table 7.2.2.2.1(a)?
• Question 2: If the introduction of the center handrail does not meet the minimum clear width requirement of 44 inches, does the stair width need to be increased in order to provide 44 inches clear width on both sides of the center handrail?

The following is the technical interpretation from NFPA:

In the situation described where there is a 72 inch wide stair with the center handrail, there will be approximately 35-36 inches of width on each side of the center handrail. Although the 35-36 inches is less than the 44 inches minimum, when you add the available width from the other side of the center handrail, the total of 70-72 inches does exceed the 44 inches minimum.

The provisions of 7.2.2 are not clear on this concept. For an example of a clarification, see the assembly chapters where in 12-2.5.6.3(3), a minimum of 23 inches is required between a handrail and seating or a guardrail where the aisle is subdivided by a handrail.

(The writer of the determination) believes that the technical committee responsible for the assembly chapters felt it was necessary to clarify the subject so as to avoid having narrow spaces on each side of the center handrail. The aisles themselves might be only 42 inches or 48 inches in overall width and the center handrails are voluntarily installed so as to avoid having to put handrails on the seats at the side of the assembly seating aisles. Contrast this with a normal stair, which must have handrails at both sides and for which a center handrail is seldom voluntarily installed. The center handrail is installed when the stair is more than 67 inches in width; the resulting width on each side of the center handrail provides plenty of width for normal egress travel.

Please note that in non-sprinkled new buildings that use stairs as the connection from an area of refuge to the level of exit discharge in fulfillment of the requirements for accessible means of egress, the distance between handrails must be at least 48 inches (clear width). This is done in order to provide sufficient width for rescuers to carry a person in a wheelchair down the stairs (and would only be required at one side of the rail).

In summary, for other than stairs serving areas of refuge, the 35-36 inches of width at each side of the center handrail is adequate.

Footnote: The above is not a Formal Interpretation. The opinion above is the opinion of the author, Mr Ron Cote', P.E., Principal Life Safety Engineer, National Fire Protection Association.

OSHA Standard 1910.24

Wooden Ladder Handrails

• Part Number: 1910
• Part Title: Occupational Safety and Health Standards
• Subpart: D
• Subpart Title: Walking-Working Surfaces
• Standard Number: 1910.24
• Title: Fixed industrial stairs.

Factory Stairways Ladders And Handrails Handbook 44 Cfr

Note: The OSHA Standard does not meet most local building codes. Following OSHA Standard strictly leaves you and your company with a liability should an accident occur. Check with your local building department for any changes that go above and beyond the OSHA Standard.

1910.24(a)

'Application of requirements.' This section contains specifications for the safe design and construction of fixed general industrial stairs. This classification includes interior and exterior stairs around machinery, tanks, and other equipment, and stairs leading to or from floors, platforms, or pits. This section does not apply to stairs used for fire exit purposes, to construction operations to private residences, or to articulated stairs, such as may be installed on floating roof tanks or on dock facilities, the angle of which changes with the rise and fall of the base support.

'Where fixed stairs are required.' Fixed stairs shall be provided for access from one structure level to another where operations necessitate regular travel between levels, and for access to operating platforms at any equipment which requires attention routinely during operations. Fixed stairs shall also be provided where access to elevations is daily or at each shift for such purposes as gauging, inspection, regular maintenance, etc., where such work may expose employees to acids, caustics, gases, or other harmful substances, or for which purposes the carrying of tools or equipment by hand is normally required. (It is not the intent of this section to preclude the use of fixed ladders for access to elevated tanks, towers, and similar structures, overhead traveling cranes, etc., where the use of fixed ladders is common practice.) Spiral stairways shall not be permitted except for special limited usage and secondary access situations where it is not practical to provide a conventional stairway. Winding stairways may be installed on tanks and similar round structures where the diameter of the structure is not less than five (5) feet.

'Stair strength.' Fixed stairways shall be designed and constructed to carry a load of five times the normal live load anticipated but never of less strength than to carry safely a moving concentrated load of 1,000 pounds.

'Stair width.' Fixed stairways shall have a minimum width of 22 inches.

Stairway Handrails Ideas

'Angle of stairway rise.' Fixed stairs shall be installed at angles to the horizontal of between 30 deg. and 50 deg. Any uniform combination of rise/tread dimensions may be used that will result in a stairway at an angle to the horizontal within the permissible range. Table D-1 gives rise/tread dimensions which will produce a stairway within the permissible range, stating the angle to the horizontal produced by each combination. However, the rise/tread combinations are not limited to those given in Table D-1.

Table D-1

1910.24(f)

'Stair treads.' All treads shall be reasonably slip-resistant and the nosings shall be of nonslip finish. Welded bar grating treads without nosings are acceptable providing the leading edge can be readily identified by personnel descending the stairway and provided the tread is serrated or is of definite nonslip design. Rise height and tread width shall be uniform throughout any flight of stairs including any foundation structure used as one or more treads of the stairs.

1910.24(g)

'Stairway platforms.' Stairway platforms shall be no less than the width of a stairway and a minimum of 30 inches in length measured in the direction of travel.

'Railings and handrails.' Standard railings shall be provided on the open sides of all exposed stairways and stair platforms. Handrails shall be provided on at least one side of closed stairways preferably on the right side descending. Stair railings and handrails shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of 1910.23.

Factory Stairways Ladders And Handrails Handbook 44 Inch

1910.24(i)

Factory Stairways Ladders And Handrails Handbook 44

'Vertical clearance.' Vertical clearance above any stair tread to an overhead obstruction shall be at least 7 feet measured from the leading edge of the tread.

[39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43 FR 49744, Oct. 24, 1978; 49 FR 5321, Feb. 10, 1984]

Printable Stair Worksheet:

This information is copied from OSHA's website. A-Mezz Industrial Structures is not responsible for the accuracy of this information. This information is meant to serve as guide, not the authority of the OSHA standard.For additional OSHA clarification please visit OSHA's website at http://www.osha.gov.